Diagnosis: Kell blood group antigen
• ZZAP contains both proteases and DTT, so it destroys both Kell antigens and other antigens sensitive to proteases.
• The McLeod syndrome results from deletion of a part of the X chromosome that includes the XK gene. It may also result in deletion of the region on chromosome X responsible for causing chronic granulomatous disease (CGD).
• The McLeod syndrome is an X-linked disorder associated with acanthocytosis and other cardiac, neurologic, muscular, and psychiatric symptoms.
• The K antigen of the Kell blood group system has a relatively low prevalence of less than 10%. The antithetical antigen, k (cellano), has high prevalence in all populations.
• Kell antigens are resistant to enzymes such as ficin and papain.
• Other antigens in the Kell blood group system include Kpa, Kpb, Jsa, and Jsb.
